5W 1H Method for Problem Solving
→ The 5W-1H method is the most popular method to analyze the problem among the various types of methods used for solving the issue.→ But before solving the problems it is very important to analyze the problems.
→ This method is also helpful in various root cause analysis methods like (1) Why Why analysis or [5 Why analysis], (2) Cause and Effect Diagram [Fish bone Diagram or Ishikawa Diagram]
→ The 5W1H method is a very simple and very effective method for analysis of the issue or trouble.
➜ Read the complete article on Various Problem Solving Methodologies with Case Studies
→ Before going ahead we will recap about the fundamentals things.
➨ What is a Problem?
⇢ It is an undesirable event.
⇢ In other words, It is any gap between what is expected and what is obtained.
➨ What is a Solution?
⇢ The solution is the action is taken to rectify the problem.
➨ Types of Solutions:
⇢ There are major two types of solutions are available as mentioned below.
[1] Corrective Action:
⇢ The Corrective Action is the action is taken to eliminate the causes of non-conformities or other undesirable situations.
⇢ The Corrective Action is the action is taken to eliminate the causes of non-conformities or other undesirable situations.
[2] Preventive Action:
⇢ Preventive Action is the action taken to prevent further reoccurrence of such non-conformities.
⇢ Preventive Action is the action taken to prevent further reoccurrence of such non-conformities.
5W 1H Framework:
→ In the 5W-1H framework, 5W stands for the different questions started from the letter "W" [i.e. What, Where, Who, When, Why] and 1H stands for How.
(1) The first W stands for What: It gives information about the issue.
⇢ What is the issue?
⇢ What is the fact?
(2) The Second W stands for Where: It tells about the location.
⇢ Where was the trouble found?
⇢ Where did the trouble arise? and where does it impact?
(3) The third W stands for Who: It will decide about the leader or observer.
⇢ Who observed the_problem?
⇢ Who will lead to the solution?
(4) The fourth W stands for When: It shows the timing.
⇢ When did the trouble arise?
⇢ When was the trouble found?
(5) The fifth W stands for Why:
⇢ Why is this a problem?
⇢ Why did an issue arise?
(6) The H stands for How.
⇢ How big is it?
⇢ How severe it is?
How to deal with the Problem:
→ Make a sketch/illustration to study the issue.
→ The clear sketch cannot be made unless the part configuration is known clearly and needs close observation at the site.
→ Use block diagrams/flow diagrams to visualize the location.
→ Also, use videography where it is necessary for observation of the trouble. That will be helpful to detect abnormal situations.
→ For repetitive issues work with data & facts. The detailed data study reveals a pattern
→ Defect analysis is mostly based on data and observation.
→ Data is very important for further analysis of the issue so keep and record all necessary data.
Four Steps for Problem Study and Data Collection
→ We can easily collect data and study the problem with the help of the below four important steps.- Start with the history of the equipment
- Collect data about the history of the breakdown
- Collect information about the change in operation pattern in the recent past
- Study the failed component
Step 1: Start with the history of the equipment:
→ First of all, collect all the below details for further analysis.
→ When was the machine installed?
→ When was the last maintenance done?
→ Any modification is done in the recent past?
→ Is equipment under Jishu Hozen (autonomous maintenance) and Jishu Hozen is active or not?
→ Read this article on Total Productive Maintenance for a better understanding of Jishu Hozen Pillar.
Step 2: Collect data about the history of the breakdown
→ When the issue was started appearing? (from the beginning, is it frequent?)
→ Is it the first time or not?
→ If happened earlier, what action was taken each time?
Step 3: Collect information about the change in operation pattern in recent past
→ Any increase in load or capacity?
→ Is there any new operator working?
→ Any new grade of raw material or lubricant used without any validation?
→ New spare being tried (new trial)
Step 4: Study the failed component
→ The failed component is also known as the Black Treasure.
→ In this stage, we need to study the failed components
→ Problem: Shaft OD is found 250 microns oversize.
→ The detailed analysis is mentioned below.
⇢ What is the_problem? - Outer Diameter of the shaft is oversize observed by 250 microns.
Example of 5W-1H Method for Problem Solving:
→ Now we are taking one example for performing 5W-1H analysis.→ Problem: Shaft OD is found 250 microns oversize.
→ The detailed analysis is mentioned below.
⇢ What is the_problem? - Outer Diameter of the shaft is oversize observed by 250 microns.
⇢ Where was the_problem found? - It was found on Line No-04 & Machine No - 02.
⇢ Who found the_problem? - Allen found the problem.
⇢ When was the_problem found? - It was found on 24th Feb 2020 at 9:30 PM.
⇢ Why this is a problem? - Assembly Line was Stopped for 35 min so this is big trouble for us.
⇢ How big/sever this_problem is? - It might lose the business of 4M$
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